Recent Developments in Power Plant Processes

Abstract:
It is expected that more than 70% of the worldwide electricity production will be covered by fossil fuels within the next forty years. Consequently the emission of CO2 and thus the problem of global warming will increase as well. Therefore there is an urgent demand for reducing CO2 emission from power plants. A possible short-term measure is to enhance the efficieny of the process by increasing the process temperature which requires new materials for boilers and turbines. Middle and long-term measures are Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) processes which aim at separating the CO2 for subsequent sequestration. In so-called post combustion CCS processes CO2 is separated behind a conventional power plant process (“end of pipe” solution), whereas pre-combustion concepts like Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) or Oxyfuel processes make use of pure oxygen for the combustion. Both alternatives show the advantage that the CO2 concentration in the gas to be processed is high which increases the efficiency of the subseqent separation process. In any case a loss in overall efficiency of the power process has to be accepted.

Keywords:
Power plant processes / Carbon Capture and Storage / Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle / Oxyfuel

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